Source:
http://rationalrevolution.net/articles/jesus_myth_history.htm
Below is a time line outlining some of the major events that relate to the development of Christianity. The dates that many of the written works were produced is uncertain, an in some cases the proposed dates of authorship range by more than 100 years, but best estimates based on scholarship are provided. The sources used for information on writings is: http://www.earlyjewishwritings.com/ and http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/
| Time | Events |
|---|---|
| 586 BCE | Jews conquered by Babylonians |
| 538 BCE | Jews liberated by Persian King Cyrus |
| 538-332 BCE | Jews ruled by Persians, but fairly autonomous |
| 332 BCE | Jews conquered by Alexander the Great. Beginning of Hellenistic period |
| ~170 BCE | Wisdom of Jesus son of Sirach written, book of wisdom sayings influenced by both Greek and Jewish ideas |
| ~170 BCE | Apocalypse of Weeks written, earliest known piece of apocalyptic Jewish literature |
| ~165 BCE | Book of Daniel written (one of the last of the canonical books of the prophets) |
| 165 BCE | Judas Maccabees defeats Greek Army |
| ~150 BCE | Martyrdom of Isaiah written |
| 140 BCE | Hasmonean Kingdom (Israel) established by Maccabees family |
| ~100 BCE - 100 CE | The books of Maccabees written |
| 63 BCE | Judea conquered by Romans |
| ~60 BCE | Wisdom of Solomon written, contains passion narrative that is paraphrased by Mark and Matthew |
| 44 BCE | Death of Julius Caesar – Rome moves towards military dictatorship |
| 37 BCE | Herod declared King of the Jews by Roman authority |
| 20 BCE - 50 CE | Jewish theologian Philo integrates Greek philosophy and Jewish theology |
| 4 BCE- 27/33 CE | Supposed lifetime of Jesus |
| ~0 | Apocryphon of Ezekiel written |
| 26-36 | Pontius Pilate governor over Judea |
| 36 | John the Baptist killed by Herod according to Josephus |
| ~48-64 | Letters of Paul written – First mention of “Jesus Christ” |
| ~50 | Assumption of Moses written |
| 63 | Jewish revolt against Roman authority in Judea |
| 67-70 | Judea destroyed by Roman army |
| ~75 | Gospel of Mark written |
| ~90-120 | Gospel of Matthew and Gospel of Luke written |
| ~90 | Apocalypse of Abraham written |
| ~90 | Apocalypse of Adam written (independent Gnostic/Jewish salvation story) |
| ~95 | Apocalypse of John written |
| 95-98 | Josephus writes Antiquity of the Jews |
| ~110 | Gospel of John written (or completed) |
| 109 | Tacitus writes Annals, refers to Christians being persecuted in Rome in 64 CE |
| 112 | Pliny the Younger writes letter to Trajan about Christians |
| ~120 | Ascension of Isaiah written |
| 132-135 | Bar Kokhba's Revolt (2nd Jewish War) – Bar Kokhba named The Messiah by Jews |
| ~200-300 | Economic decline in Rome and period of imperial turmoil |
| 313 | Edict of Milan - Constantine allowed freedom of all religions |
| 325 | Council of Nicaea - summoned by Constantine to create official Christian (Catholic) doctrine |
| 330 | Creation of “Constantine Bible” - Unified “Old” and “New” scriptures |
| 362 | Emperor Julian “the Apostate” declares Christianity a fiction created by wicked men |
| ~380 | Theodosius declares Catholicism the official state religion of Rome |
| 394 | Battle of the Frigidus, Theodosius defeats remaining pagan armies in the Empire, all of Europe now officially Christian |
The 1st century BCE and the 1st century CE were periods of immense turmoil for Jews living in Judea, and Jews living throughout the empire were likewise caught up in the politics and strife of the time as well. Some diaspora Jews were very concerned about the goings on in Judea, while others were not. Jews throughout the empire were integrating into Greek and Roman society in a variety of ways and to a variety of degrees. During this time, however, in both Judea and in the diaspora communities, many apocalyptic and Messianic works were written, in both Semitic languages and Greek, and many different Messianic movements emerged.
Indeed "Christianity", or the cult of "Jesus Christ", was just one small segment of this trend within Hellenistic Judaism. Many Jewish works of this time talk of prophecies, impending doom, and coming saviors. The Christian Bible is an even smaller sub-set of the writings about Jesus Christ.
No comments:
Post a Comment